Culture Is Separated Into Two Aspects Management Essay

Culture Is Separated Into Two Aspects Management Essay The Oxford Dictionary characterizes culture as thoughts, customs, and social conduct of a specific people or society; the mentalities and conduct normal for a specific social gathering. Culture can't be absolutely characterized, yet it might be detected and felt. Mobley, Wang and Fang (2005) additionally expresses that culture gives guidance to people groups practices, in noticeable and once in a while unnoticeable manners; and it profoundly impacts dynamic. Culture is isolated into two perspectives which are noticeable and imperceptible. Obvious perspectives incorporate the presence of an individual or what food does he devour. While imperceptible viewpoints incorporate the significance of religion, convictions in a general public or the considerations and emotions individuals have about specific issues. In the worldwide market today, culture is a significant viewpoint to global organizations (MNCs). Aside from serving an expanded commercial center, MNCs would likewise be comprising of various nationalities. All things considered, organizations are confronted with the difficulties of serving and dealing with a socially assorted workforce. What's more, working together on a worldwide premise requires a decent comprehension of various societies. Inability to comprehend social contrasts can prompt genuine results, for example, an effect on the companys business associations with abroad clients, customers and representatives and terrible advertising. Culture additionally shapes the manner in which individuals work together across universal fringes. Same associations of various nationalities may work diversely because of their way of life and this effect on approaches, correspondence techniques, authoritative structure, and HR the board. Associations especially MNCs can no longer manage t he cost of not to consider the way of life of the nations where they work in. In this manner, the fundamental target of this article is to basically assess that culture is the most significant factor in molding and representing worldwide contrasts in work relations. The paper will assess culture through national culture and hierarchical culture. In national culture, it will start by looking into three changed nations (France, China and Japan) with their particular national societies in representative relations utilizing the Hofstedes six social measurements with contextual analyses of Danone Vs Wahaha and Renault Vs Nissan. The two contextual investigations will at that point outline the significance of national culture to associations and business relations. In the subsequent part, the exposition will assess the significance and the need of an authoritative culture. It will additionally assess authoritative culture by utilizing Edgard Scheins Three Levels of Culture with a case of Google as a contextual investigation. In conclusion, it will end of by talking about the other hidden components that likewise help in molding and representing global contrasts. It will likewise finish up with suggestions and the basis why culture is the most significant factor. National Culture Hofstede (1991) de⠬⠁ned national culture as the aggregate programming of the brain which recognizes the individuals from one gathering or individuals from another. It suggests that the individuals share an aggregate national character that speaks to their social mental programming which is a lot of standards, practices, convictions and customs that exist inside the number of inhabitants in a sovereign country. Hofstede likewise guarantees that each national populace shares a one of a kind culture. Be that as it may, in the ongoing years, numerous MNCs have not yet gotten a handle on the way of life of the nation which they are working or selling their items in. By utilizing contextual analyses of Danone Vs Wahaha and Renault Vs Nissan in this paper, it will endeavor to think about the tremendous contrasts in national culture between France, China and Japan utilizing Geert Hofstedes 6 elements of characterizing and deciphering society. First Case Study: Wahaha Vs Danone In 1996, Chinas Hangzhou Wahaha nutrition class, Frances Danone gathering and Hong Kongs Bai fu qin enterprise chose to frame a joint endeavor named Wahaha. In this joint endeavor, Danone endeavored to enter the china showcase utilizing Wahaha brand that is generally welcomed by the Chinese. Notwithstanding, issues surfaced when Danone turned into the greatest investor in 1998; consequently creating disdain from the Chinas Wahaha bunch as they felt that Danone misdirected them from the earliest starting point. To intensify the issue, Hangzhou Wahaha nutritional category that is overseen by Chairman Zong was blamed for breaking the agreement by setting up non-joint endeavors which encroached the interests of Danone, asserting that the Hangzhou Wahahas foundation of the non-joint endeavors and the unlawful utilization of the Wahaha trademark has abused the provision in the agreement. After which Wahahas Chairman Zong was sued by Danone in California and Italy, he made a progression of little organizations creating indistinguishable items from the joint endeavor. The Wahaha Vs Danone case has altogether delineated a debate between proprietorship rights. Clashes among Danone and Wahaha might be brought about by ignorance of the culturally diverse contrasts among France and China. Second Case Study: Nissan Vs Renault Nissan, a Japanese organization and Renault, a French organization chose to meet up to take a shot at a joint venture. The two organizations were notable for their unmistakable corporate societies and brand character. The joint venture was framed as the two organizations shares a solitary joint of procedure for gainful development and network of intrigue. In any case, Nissans the board style firmly supported gathering execution while Renault centers around singular execution. Correspondence between the top administration and representatives were hazy and aberrant, along these lines bringing about misconception inside the organization. The contention between the 2 accomplices was because of Nissans representatives accepting that Renault was like them that empower bunch execution. Be that as it may, Renaults the board style has a place with a significantly more individualistic methodology, making the Nissans workers felt awkward of having the sentiment of losing their family climate. Correspondence between the Nissan representatives and Renault workers separated; Nissan didn't comprehended what were Renaults fundamental targets and their organization objectives in their association with Nissan. A portion of the Nissans chiefs felt disappointed and restricted to the passage of Renault agent on Nissans board. The administrators were old workers, and they felt that representatives ought to be elevated by their rank rather than singular execution. The breakdown of correspondence is likewise brought about by the distinctions in their language. With such a critical distinction in their administration style, there is a nee d in multifaceted mindfulness for the business joint dare to be an effective one. Geert Hofstedes Six Dimensions As indicated by Geert Hofstedes social exploration contemplates, culture can be ordered into six distinct measurements; Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism Vs Collectivism, Masculinity Vs Femininity, Long term direction Vs Short term direction. The table underneath represents for France, China and Japan. France China Japan Force Distance 68 80 54 Vulnerability Avoidance 86 30 92 Independence Vs Collectivism 71 20 46 Manliness Vs Femininity 43 66 95 Long haul Orientation Vs Short term Orientation 39 118 80 Figure 1.0 Scores distributed to the various measurements for France, China and Japan Force Distance Force separation can be characterized as all people in social orders are not equivalent it communicates the demeanor of the way of life towards disparities among us. Force separation can be characterized with regards to the degree to which the less amazing expects and acknowledges that force is appropriated inconsistent. (Geert Hofstede,2001 ) In examination of France, China and Japan, China has a place with a general public where the individuals accepts that disparities is satisfactory, there is a nearness of an amazing business subordinate relationship which the subordinate will stand all guidelines and guidelines set by the business. France then again might be inclined towards a progressively various leveled association framework where the demeanor towards supervisors are increasingly formal. Japan has a place with a progressively various leveled society where the Japanese ought to be aware of their progressive situation in any circumstances. All choices must be explored by each degree of the administration lastly the top administration. Independence Vs Collectivism Independence can be distinguished as the serious extent of freedom a general public keeps up among its individuals. It identifies with people groups mental self view as far as I while Collectivism can be distinguished to be the inverse. In a nonconformist society, individuals watches out for just take care of themselves and their immediate family while a collectivist society comprises of individuals having a place with a gathering that deals with them in return for their loyalty.(Geert Hofstede,2001) Looking at the 3 nations, there is a noteworthy distinction; China has a place with an exceptionally collectivist nation where individuals act at an enthusiasm of a gathering. In this standard, individual connections beat the errand and friends. Anyway in France, there is a sure level of autonomy a general public keeps up among its individuals. The French lean towards individual and private feelings and work connections between the business and representatives are contract put together where everybody center with respect to the assignment itself. Correspondence inside an independent organization would be immediate where everybody offers their thoughts uninhibitedly in the event that they don't concur. Alluding back to the Nissan Vs Renault case, it has plainly indicated that Renault (France) empowered a progressively independent methodology by advancing individual activities and trusted that the workers are advanced through individual execution. Direct contacts between the top administration and representatives were energized in their individualistic methodology. Japan like China; having a place with a profoundly collectivist society, this can be appeared through placing their congruity of gathering over the statement of individual opinio

Indigenous and Non Indigenous Australians

Question: Examine about the Indigenous And Non Indigenous Australians? Answer: The media has been assuming the job of middle person and featuring the social issues identified with the indigenous networks. In such manner, there are a few open conversations and open approach discusses have been started to perceive these issues identified with the aboriginals. There are a few factors that prompted the distinction in the Indigenous and non Indigenous individuals. These imbalances is clear from the difference in the conveyance of salary, access to fundamental necessities of life like food, garments, cover, wellbeing administrations, instruction and other social advantages. The indigenous individuals of Australia are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. They are dispersed all through the country from urban communities to remote territories containing more than one gathering. They are recognized based on their way of life, accounts, dialects and so forth. The indigenous populace was determined by Australia as 669,900 of every 2011 which represented 3 percent of the complete Australian populace. The indigenous individuals in Australia can be of Aboriginal inception, Torres Strait Islander starting point or can even be both. Measurements identified with their circulation of source uncovers that around 90 percent indigenous Australians were of Aboriginal starting point, 6 percent were of Torres inception and 4 percent of the populace includes the two kinds of causes. There is a noteworthy uniqueness in the periods of the indigenous and non indigenous populace delineating indigenous populace to be more youthful. (Australianmuseum.net.au, 2013) The idea of imbalance works all the while with social, political and financial elements. These components incorporate the inconsistent dissemination of salary between the two gatherings, hardship of the fundamental human necessities of life like food, training, wellbeing and different highlights of monetary prosperity. The imbalances in the indigenous and non indigenous Australians creep up because of a few elements. For example, there is a noteworthy dissimilarity in the degree of training which causes a distinction in the expert front. These inconsistent open doors accessible to the indigenous Australians prompted extending the hole. (Leigh and Gong, 2009) The indigenous individuals were viewed as unseemly and disregarded. They were not given appropriate social advantages and open doors accordingly the non indigenous populace of Australia. The non indigenous were taught, edified and were furnished with better chances and pleasantries of life. The disparity in the training, wellbein g and other social viewpoint expanded the hole between the indigenous and non indigenous populace of Australia. (Native Economic Participation Strategy 2012-2016, 2015) Australian economy is portrayed as an amazing economy with the least joblessness rates comparative with the other OECD part nations. The administration of Australia understood the need to perceive the indigenous society in the country and created open doors for the indigenous individuals to permit them to take part in the elements of life and help them to pick up freedom and government managed savings for their families. For reducing the hole between the indigenous and non indigenous gatherings of the country, the legislature has guaranteed that comparative possibilities and openings be given to the indigenous individuals by giving them better instruction, improve their workforce interest and guaranteeing that they are monetarily free. The legislature had embraced an Economic Development Strategy which centers around the diminishing and taking out the uniqueness in the two gatherings of populace in the country. The system has made upgrades by profiting the indigenous gathering by som e significant detriments despite everything wins inside the country. (Altman, 2015) This technique for the most part underscores on the five significant fields that help to improve the economic wellbeing of the indigenous Australians by starting formative methodology in the field of instruction, wellbeing, aptitudes and openings for work and help them to procure money related security and a wide range of autonomy. The five needs are: Supporting the monetary improvement by making a situation that reinforces establishments Speculation start in the field of training Improve and upgrade support in the field of advancement of abilities and openings for work Empowering development in the field of business and enterprise created by the indigenous populace Accomplishing budgetary steadiness, security and autonomy by using the financial resources for the full The main methodology supports the investment of the indigenous gathering in the financial procedure with the goal that they can likewise assist with achieving monetary success to the country and appreciate benefits gained by the country. The more they take an interest in the monetary exercises the more the economy gets created. The hole between the indigenous and non indigenous individuals can e shut by empowering interest in the field of administrations, framework, wellbeing and prosperity markers. This system centers around the imbalances in the future, youngster mortality, on the inconsistencies in work and other formative issues. (Aihw.gov.au, 2015) Other focal point of the technique is the Indigenous individuals must secure access to environments, presentation of data innovation, assessment and government assistance framework that upgrade financial turn of events and consolidating best administration for the country. Remember that the economy can possibly prosper if there is dev elopment just as advancement in the economy. Presently advancement can be estimated by the Indigenous Human Development Index which will incorporate the zones identified with salary, instructive accomplishment and future rates. In short it perceives the pay conveyance design, wellbeing pointer and the instructive status of the country. These exercises depend on focuses on that are to be accomplished y 2018. So as to diminish the hole between the two gatherings of populace, the legislature has understood that for presenting financial advancement in the economy, appropriate instructive status is required to be kept up. As of now talked about the issue of financial turn of events, the job of instruction in the thriving of the economy is expanding. With better instruction the individuals can show signs of improvement openings for work which can assist with expanding or even create earnings. This thusly can improve their way of life. To set up superior training framework it is important to concentrate on a few viewpoints like school participation which must increment. This must be the post of the guardians to create school status in youngsters and help them to accomplish legitimate results. The methodology centers around the entrance of youngsters to advanced education so as to be a significant asset for the economy. (Tracker and Gray, 2001) The third system of improvement abilities and employments is a pivotal element of investment of individuals in the financial procedure. The point of this methodology is to create openings for work, present better preparing abilities, and improve the professional preparing to support the talented laborers. Support of training is important for the status of employments by the youthful indigenous populace who end up being an essential piece of the economy. The need centers number four arrangements with the business and innovative aptitudes of the youthful people. Starting and controlling business can demonstrate to reinforce the economy. For the economy to blossom there must be huge interest in business by setting up Indigenous business parts that will produce work, pay and better way of life of the individuals. Presently for business to create, the main consideration of creation that starts the creation procedure is capital for which the credit offices in the nation must guarantee that the indigenous young people get legitimate monetary help to fabricate business possibilities. It is important to build up a private open organization that would assist with growing the business segment of Australia. (Kalb et al., n.d.) In conclusion, for the indigenous Australians to be steady and build up own monetary steadiness it is fundamental for them to money related free. This money related steadiness and autonomy would give them a feeling of future arranging of their family lives. The technique plans to create employments in the economy which will assist with expanding the degree of salary in the hands of the individuals which thusly will permit the people to increment and grow their advantages which can be used later on by them or their people in the future and help to evacuate the idea of government assistance reliance in the economy. To gain house there must be simple accessibility of home advances and improve the height of the Australias Intellectual Property Rights. (Computerized, 2015) (Stewart, n.d.) We center around two key zones: wellbeing and training. Regardless of the solid financial advancement technique there stayed certain difficulties that should have been cooked on. Wellbeing is a significant marker of advancement. (Grypma, 2009) The legislature of Australia had stepped up to the plate with National Partnership Agreement worth $1.6 million for killing the hole between the two gatherings. $2.2 billion worth of venture for a time of five years on National Mental Health Reform bundle were embraced by the administration and a few different projects and activities were taken under the procedure to advance and improve the wellbeing status of the nation. Despite these, the future rate was evaluated to be low for the indigenous populace as opposed to the non indigenous. Likewise for the year 2008-2012, the newborn child death rate nearly multiplied for the indigenous comparative with the non indigenous individuals. This implies the demise rates for indigenous gathering is multi ple times higher than that of the non indigenous. Along these lines, the wellbeing situation despite everything has scope for development to annihilate the divergence between the two gatherings. (Corner and Carroll, 2005) Considering the educa

2011 Freshman Wait-list Applicants - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2011 Freshman Wait-list Applicants - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2011 Freshman Wait-list Applicants Later today, we will be making decisions available to students. For those of you who have been wait-listed by UGA, here is a post for you and a chance to comment. Please remember that this is not a blog where you should post statistics, throw fellow classmates under the bus, etc. These types of comments will be deleted. As well, I will be away from a computer on Friday evening (at a wedding), so be patient as I may not be able to respond until the weekend. Every year, our office has to predict approximately how many students we can admit in order to enroll our freshman class, but we can never be sure how many students will enroll until after the May 1 deposit deadline has passed. If the number of students who say they will be attending UGA is lower than we expect, we may need to go to our wait-list group in order to get the size that we want for our freshman class. Every year, we have about 1,000 students on the wait-list, and we carefully monitor the deposits coming into the University to see where we are in comparison to the predicted freshman numbers. The Wait-List FAQ can answer some questions, but the most important thing you need to do is decide if you want to remain on the wait-list. Follow the instructions on the status check and/or the wait-list letter we mailed out, and let us know if you want to stay on the wait-list or if you want to decline this option and go forward with admission at another college. If you decide to stay on the wait-list, you still want to move forward with an alternate college plan, as we will not know about any wait-list options until May. If you select to stay on the wait-list, we then know you still want to attend UGA if an opportunity opens up. This year, there are three options for the wait-list reply; You can say no, please do not consider me for the wait-list. The next option is to remain on the wait-list, but only if it is for the Fall term. The third option is to remain on the wait-list and be considered for both Fall and Spring term. This is so that if there is space available for the Fall term, we will look at all of the students who have asked to remain on the wait-list, but the only space available is Spring term, we will then work with only the students who said Fall or Spring. We will not know details about the wait-list until May, so please be patient with our office, and read the FAQ before asking questions, as it can give you a great deal of information.

What Is Space Of Space - 1635 Words

What is space? Adrian Forty, a professor that has been teaching architectural history at the University College London, noted that there is actually a change in the definition of words through time, even a word as simple as â€Å"space†. He discussed that the definitions of â€Å"space† in architecture are not constant, and it is actually a fleeting term in architecture. Dating back to the 18th century, people mainly used â€Å"void† and â€Å"volume†, with the sporadic use of â€Å"space† as a substitute of â€Å"void†. Such development of regarding space as an architectural phrase started in Germany, where â€Å"raum†, means room or enclosure, equals to the meaning of general space too. As time goes by, things regularly changes and history gradually evolves, so does the†¦show more content†¦There are so many different definitions partially due to the confusion brought by the mixture of the philosophical idea and physical exp erience. Such enormous assortment of the different possible types of space makes it very hard in defining space, especially in design. But still, intuitively, space is already a kind of three-dimensional expansion of the world surrounding us, the breaks and pauses, distance and relationships in between people, objects and people, and also in between objects. Architectural space can be defined as the three-dimensional expansion of the world surrounding us which is entered by people, and contains bold and obvious material components, particularly a base, that allows a person to notice its boundaries and is understood as a whole, that aids human activities and functions such as circulation, shelter as protection or habitation, and is purposely built or allocated by people to serve such specific uses. On the basis of this definition, not only well-defined spaces like bedrooms and living rooms, but also the organizations of furniture in order to define a spatial tract, enabling it to b e seen and

Food Classifications and the Diets of Young Children in...

Yevgen Korol Cultural Anthropology 310/ 2, 4, 2013/ 7:30 AM Food classifications and the Diets of Young Children in Rural Egypt Soheir Stolba THEME: Studying the tree villages we see that mother is rural Egypt feed their toddlers â€Å"light foods† and withhold â€Å"heavy foods.† They believe that heavy foods such as protein and fiber will cause the toddlers stomach to rot because of this belief there is a high mortality and mobility rates in the rural Egypt. Introduction: A. The study of food classifications has served us as a helping hand in understanding how people view foods and how they consume them. B. Rural Egypt has a different view on food classifications and nutrition values. Mothers would withhold some necessary†¦show more content†¦E. Egyptians usually cook â€Å"Taxdi’a† that is vegetables in butter fat, garlic, onions, and tomato. Women agree that this type of food is very â€Å"heavy† for toddlers. What are the Classifications of Toddler’s Food? A. Foods are viewed as animated objects and instead of people liking or disliking foods, food itself chooses who to like and who not to like. If after eating there are no problems then food likes you, but if some type of problem develops food doesn’t like you. Therefore â€Å"heavy† are seen as disliking the very young. B. When type A mothers breastfeed their children until the child is more than one year old, type B mothers would introduce hard foods little by little from age of 5 month believing that it is not harmful to baby’s life. C. Mixing a spoon of â€Å"Taxdi’a† with large amount of rice makes it a â€Å"light† food. Also you would often see grandmothers dipping a finger in stew and giving toddler a try to train their stomachs for â€Å"heavy† foods. D. It is believed that chewing on raw vegetables is good for toddlers because it helps them develop stronger gums and teeth and makes their tender stomachs harder so they could handle â€Å"heavier† foods. E. About the age of 14-15 month mothers start introducing their kids to â€Å"heavy foods and meat. First by giving them young chicken because it is viewed as â€Å"not as heavy† and then by giving them â€Å"heavier† foods. How do people learn about food classifications? A. Usually olderShow MoreRelatedMineral Resources18511 Words   |  75 Pagesground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems. c. Mineral Resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. 16 20 20 22 22 23 26 30 32 d. Food Resources: World food problems, Changes in landuse by agriculture and grazing, Effects of modern agriculture, Fertilizer/ pesticide problems, Water logging and salinity e. Energy Resources: Increasing energy needs, Renewable/ non renewable, Use of Alternate energyRead MoreBusiness Environment of Pre-British India13645 Words   |  55 Pagesintegrated everyone into our culture. â€Å"Everybody looks different and dresses differently. Complexions range from white to black coffee; noses from Biblical spurs to Mongolian pugs; some people are very tall, others very short. Dress, like a botanical classification, reveals the exact identity of the bearer his or her religion, caste, region and occupation. The variety is endless.† India’s composite culture led to the spirit of tolerance; and acceptance of each other despite differences. Fertile plains ofRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesCommunication Advertising management Sales promotion Person al selling Public relations Understanding individual consumer behaviour Understanding industrial consumer behaviour Customer satisfaction Customer relationship management Marketing of services Rural marketing Types of marketing research Process of marketing research Tools and Techniques of marketing research Applications of marketing research Preparation of marketing research report Online marketing E-commerce Trends in marketing Page No. MarketingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdifferent geographical areas and across ethnic communities and social strata. They consider not only the nature, volume, and direction of migrant movements motivated primarily by opportunities for economic advancement—including the massive movement of rural agriculturalists to rapidly growing urban areas—but also the often-neglected displacements of populations that resulted from the wars, revolutions, and natural and man-made disasters of the twentieth century. Howard Spodek’s essay charts the developmentRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesimportant subsidiary foci (where appropriate). In general, the sequence of cases is intended to mirror the chapter sequence. However, this should not be taken too literally because, of course, many of these cases cover a variety of issues. The ‘classiï ¬ cation’ provided is therefore guidance only. We expect readers to seek their own lessons from cases, and tutors to use cases in whichever way and sequence best ï ¬ ts the purpose of their programmes. Where cases have been chosen to illustrate the issuesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageshe cannot keep up (literally!) with Dr. Robbin’s accomplishments on the track, Dr. Judge enjoys golf, cooking and baking, literature (he’s a particular fan of Thomas Hardy and is a membe r of the Thomas Hardy Society), and keeping up with his three children, who range in age from 23 to 9. Preface Welcome to the fifteenth edition of Organizational Behavior! Long considered the standard for all organizational behavior textbooks, this edition continues its tradition of making current, relevant research

Starbucks’ Mission Aligned with Its Strategies Free Essays

Is Starbucks’ Mission (vision, goals, objectives) aligned with its strategies? Analyze Starbucks based on the strategic process outline and write a five page paper answering the preceding question. As I drove to work this morning, I decided to make a slight detour from my normal route to get a cup of morning goodness in the form of fresh coffee. I could have stopped off at the corner convenience store, smelt gasoline being pumped and the ring-a-ding-ding of the slot machines that frequent just about every Las Vegas establishment, but I was looking for a little more something. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks’ Mission: Aligned with Its Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now I decided to drive an extra 30 seconds out of my way to go to an establishment that I knew would provide outstanding quality coffee, serve it with a smile, and provide an environment that was classy and warm. I decided to go to Starbucks. As I walked in, I smelt the fresh coffee grounds and heard a catchy song on the stereo. When the gal behind the counter greeted me with a big smile and asked, â€Å"What can I get started for you? † I knew I had made the right decision. The Starbucks corporation has done an outstanding job since 1970 with the execution of it’s strategicprocess resulting in it currently owning 40% of the specialty coffee market and boosting annual sales exceeding $7 billion according to an article published by Burt Helm. Figure 1. Strategic Management Tasks According to the courseware there are five steps to be accomplished in the Strategic Management Process. See Figure 1 above. The one essential area that this graph excludes however is analysis. I will include this step in the following discussion. Mission Statement From the Starbucks website we find that the Starbucks’ mission statement is, â€Å"Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow†. The website goes on to say â€Å"the mission is more than words on a piece of paper but rather a philosophy that guides how we do business every day. † While the later half appears to be fluff and corporate jargon, it is actually relevant in the way the Starbucks conducts business daily. With this mission statement they have determined who they are and what they intend to do. Breaking it down further we find that the key market is the coffee market, the contribution is to be the premier purveyor of the finest coffee, and that the distinction is doing all of this while maintaining their uncompromising principles. I will state the uncompromising principles as part of the objective area to follow. Analysis Starbucks knows that it is not in this market alone. In fact in some areas of the world it is already slightly behind. According to caterersearch. com, â€Å"in the UK Starbucks has been usurped by Costa Coffee as the UK’s largest coffee shop operator, with 24. % (540 stores) compared to 24. 7% (555) for the Whitbread-owned chain†. The article went on to say that the market continues to have huge growth, exceeding 15% per year. The courseware introduced one method of analyzing the market known as SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). It was interesting to find the following chart, Figure 2, located in the Datamonitor Starb ucks Corporation Company Profile. Figure 2. Starbucks SWOT Analysis This SWOT analysis invariably helped Starbucks with the next phase of the strategy process, that of objective setting. Setting Objectives As mentioned earlier, Starbucks mission statement eludes to uncompromising principles. According to the Starbucks. com, these principles include: 1. Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. 2. Embrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business. 3. Apply the highest standards of excellence to the purchasing, roasting and fresh delivery of our coffee. 4. Develop enthusiastically satisfied customers all of the time. 5. Contribute positively to our communities and our environment. 6. Recognize that profitability is essential to our future success. While the Corporation calls these principles, and they are principles indeed, they also use these principles as a set of objectives from which they conduct their daily operations. A final objective that has recently come about from the Corporate Chairman Howard Schultz, is to ensure that the company does not forget its roots as it attempts to continue to grow. Schultz is aggressive. According to a Business Week article by Burt Helm, he would like to triple annual sales up to $23 billion by the year 2012, and almost quadruple the number ofStarbucks stores globally. This is smart. He sees the strengths and opportunities of the SWOT analysis above and wants to expound on his global presence and take advantage of the continual 14-15% annual growth of the market. Schultz also knows that there are slowing US retail sales however. To counteract this he intends to preserve the old world feel of a coffee bistro. In order to keep up with the demand, Starbucks has had to modernize some of its procedures. Helm states that the company has had to sacrifice some of the old world feel and incorporate the use of automatic espresso machines, vacuum sealed bags of coffee, CDs, and so on. Schultz wants to minimize the watering down of what he calls â€Å"The Starbucks Experience†. This is difficult in today’s society in which most businesses attempt to get consumers in and out as quickly as possible and customers expect and demand the same, a phenomena known as â€Å"The McDonaldization of Society†. Implementation and Execution of the Strategy Starbucks has implemented the principles and goals into daily operations. Looking through page after page of the Starbucks website, it is evident that the corporation has internalized these principles and uses them as guidelines. Providing a great work environment hashappened in a number of ways. Starbucks provides employees with training and education. One program listed on the Starbucks website is called, â€Å"Learning to Lead†. In this program employees learn effective management practices. Another employee programis â€Å"Business and Communication† in which workers are offered a variety of classes to aid in their management skills. These programs allow for advancement and a sense of accomplishment by employees. They added together with company benefits are attempts by Starbucks to foster a friendly work environment. Diversity is accomplished through the hiring process. Starbucks knows that it is important that every voice is heard, and in which employees strive to learn about one another. In doing this, the company ensures that no group of potential customers are alienated. Starbucks applies the highest standards in freshly delivered coffee in a couple of ways. According to the company home page, Starbucks works with suppliers and farmers daily in an attempt to sustain high quality coffee production. In addition to this, a program known as â€Å"Coffee Education† was put into effect in which employees learn the finer nuances of coffee, from aroma to taste, and as a result are better able to speak to customers about the gourmet products. The intent of this according to Helm, is to share Starbucks’ passion for coffee and to make the coffee industry more like the wine industry. If Starbucks is able to make its customers connoisseurs of coffee, it can then stock and sellhigh end coffee for up to $28 per pound. Starbucks knows that competitors such as McDonald’s, Dunkin Donuts, or even the corner convenience store can’t compete in this niche of the market. Starbucks has had success with ensuring that coffee drinking is an experience. According to Jeneanne Rae, â€Å"80% of Starbucks’ revenues come from customers who visit their stores an average of 18 times a month†. This statistic alone tells us that the company is keeping its customers happy. The nice lighting, the plush furniture, the smooth music all aid in this endeavor. Rae goes on to say, â€Å"people will gladly pay more for an experience that is not only functional but also emotionally rewarding†. Simply put, I could go to the corner store and get a cup of coffee for $. 5 and get my caffeine shot for the day. In this process however I may feel like I’m missing out on the finer things in life, â€Å"The Starbucks Experience†. As a result, I will go out of my way, pay $2 for a cup of coffee, and feel more satisfied. Starbucks also strives to contribute positively to its communities and surrounding environments. It strives to be a friendly gathe ring place for locals. According to its website, Starbucks supports local organizations with cash and contributions as well as promotes art, culture, education, and environmental awareness. The final goal of Starbucks is to be profitable and promote future success. It does this through taking care of its stakeholders. The Starbucks Code of Ethics for CEO and Finance Leaders states, â€Å"I am charged with ensuring that stake holders interests are appropriately balanced, protected and preserved†. All corporate decisions are made with the preceding oath in mind. Starbucks will continue to have success in the coffee market due to its strongstrategy. From vision statement, through SWOT, to implementation, and finally the execution of daily operations, it has been a synergistic effort. This process has culminated in what has been coined, â€Å"The Starbucks Experience†. Customers will take a five minute detour, just as I did this morning, to be greeted with a warm smile, receive a piping hot cup of java, all in a clean quant old world feel environment. Howard Schultz and his crew are well on their way to achieving their goals of 40,000 stores and $23. 2 billion in sales by the year 2012. REFERENCES Datamonitor Starbucks Corporations Company Profile, 25 Jan 2005. Retrieved 20 July 2007 from, http://www. investor. reuters. om/data/files/Company%20Profile%20Sample%20for%20Reuters. pdf Helm, Burt. 9 Apr 2007. SAVING STARBUCKS’ SOUL; Chairman Howard Schultz is on a mission to take his company back to its roots. Oh, yeah-he also wants to triple sales in five years. Business Week. Retrieved 20 July 2007 from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=44=1252343951=3=1=3=PROD=PQD=309=PQD=1184944744=29440=1 Keel, Robert. 10 July 2007. The McDonaldization of Socie ty. Retrieved on 20 July 2007 from, http://www. umsl. du/~keelr/010/mcdonsoc. html McDonald’s to open coffee chain in Japan, 12 July 2007. Retrieved on 20 July 2007 from, http://www. topix. com/drink/2007/07/mcdonalds-to-open-coffee-chain-in-japan Rae, Jeneanne. 27 Nov 2006. The Importance Of Great Customer Experiences? Business Week. Retrieved 20 July 2007 from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=60did=1166573331SrchMode=3sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1184944933clientId=29440aid=1 UK coffee market set to double over the next 10 years, 23 May 2007, Retrieved on 20 July 07 from, How to cite Starbucks’ Mission: Aligned with Its Strategies, Papers

Starbucks’ Mission Aligned with Its Strategies Free Essays

Is Starbucks’ Mission (vision, goals, objectives) aligned with its strategies? Analyze Starbucks based on the strategic process outline and write a five page paper answering the preceding question. As I drove to work this morning, I decided to make a slight detour from my normal route to get a cup of morning goodness in the form of fresh coffee. I could have stopped off at the corner convenience store, smelt gasoline being pumped and the ring-a-ding-ding of the slot machines that frequent just about every Las Vegas establishment, but I was looking for a little more something. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks’ Mission: Aligned with Its Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now I decided to drive an extra 30 seconds out of my way to go to an establishment that I knew would provide outstanding quality coffee, serve it with a smile, and provide an environment that was classy and warm. I decided to go to Starbucks. As I walked in, I smelt the fresh coffee grounds and heard a catchy song on the stereo. When the gal behind the counter greeted me with a big smile and asked, â€Å"What can I get started for you? † I knew I had made the right decision. The Starbucks corporation has done an outstanding job since 1970 with the execution of it’s strategicprocess resulting in it currently owning 40% of the specialty coffee market and boosting annual sales exceeding $7 billion according to an article published by Burt Helm. Figure 1. Strategic Management Tasks According to the courseware there are five steps to be accomplished in the Strategic Management Process. See Figure 1 above. The one essential area that this graph excludes however is analysis. I will include this step in the following discussion. Mission Statement From the Starbucks website we find that the Starbucks’ mission statement is, â€Å"Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow†. The website goes on to say â€Å"the mission is more than words on a piece of paper but rather a philosophy that guides how we do business every day. † While the later half appears to be fluff and corporate jargon, it is actually relevant in the way the Starbucks conducts business daily. With this mission statement they have determined who they are and what they intend to do. Breaking it down further we find that the key market is the coffee market, the contribution is to be the premier purveyor of the finest coffee, and that the distinction is doing all of this while maintaining their uncompromising principles. I will state the uncompromising principles as part of the objective area to follow. Analysis Starbucks knows that it is not in this market alone. In fact in some areas of the world it is already slightly behind. According to caterersearch. com, â€Å"in the UK Starbucks has been usurped by Costa Coffee as the UK’s largest coffee shop operator, with 24. % (540 stores) compared to 24. 7% (555) for the Whitbread-owned chain†. The article went on to say that the market continues to have huge growth, exceeding 15% per year. The courseware introduced one method of analyzing the market known as SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). It was interesting to find the following chart, Figure 2, located in the Datamonitor Starb ucks Corporation Company Profile. Figure 2. Starbucks SWOT Analysis This SWOT analysis invariably helped Starbucks with the next phase of the strategy process, that of objective setting. Setting Objectives As mentioned earlier, Starbucks mission statement eludes to uncompromising principles. According to the Starbucks. com, these principles include: 1. Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. 2. Embrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business. 3. Apply the highest standards of excellence to the purchasing, roasting and fresh delivery of our coffee. 4. Develop enthusiastically satisfied customers all of the time. 5. Contribute positively to our communities and our environment. 6. Recognize that profitability is essential to our future success. While the Corporation calls these principles, and they are principles indeed, they also use these principles as a set of objectives from which they conduct their daily operations. A final objective that has recently come about from the Corporate Chairman Howard Schultz, is to ensure that the company does not forget its roots as it attempts to continue to grow. Schultz is aggressive. According to a Business Week article by Burt Helm, he would like to triple annual sales up to $23 billion by the year 2012, and almost quadruple the number ofStarbucks stores globally. This is smart. He sees the strengths and opportunities of the SWOT analysis above and wants to expound on his global presence and take advantage of the continual 14-15% annual growth of the market. Schultz also knows that there are slowing US retail sales however. To counteract this he intends to preserve the old world feel of a coffee bistro. In order to keep up with the demand, Starbucks has had to modernize some of its procedures. Helm states that the company has had to sacrifice some of the old world feel and incorporate the use of automatic espresso machines, vacuum sealed bags of coffee, CDs, and so on. Schultz wants to minimize the watering down of what he calls â€Å"The Starbucks Experience†. This is difficult in today’s society in which most businesses attempt to get consumers in and out as quickly as possible and customers expect and demand the same, a phenomena known as â€Å"The McDonaldization of Society†. Implementation and Execution of the Strategy Starbucks has implemented the principles and goals into daily operations. Looking through page after page of the Starbucks website, it is evident that the corporation has internalized these principles and uses them as guidelines. Providing a great work environment hashappened in a number of ways. Starbucks provides employees with training and education. One program listed on the Starbucks website is called, â€Å"Learning to Lead†. In this program employees learn effective management practices. Another employee programis â€Å"Business and Communication† in which workers are offered a variety of classes to aid in their management skills. These programs allow for advancement and a sense of accomplishment by employees. They added together with company benefits are attempts by Starbucks to foster a friendly work environment. Diversity is accomplished through the hiring process. Starbucks knows that it is important that every voice is heard, and in which employees strive to learn about one another. In doing this, the company ensures that no group of potential customers are alienated. Starbucks applies the highest standards in freshly delivered coffee in a couple of ways. According to the company home page, Starbucks works with suppliers and farmers daily in an attempt to sustain high quality coffee production. In addition to this, a program known as â€Å"Coffee Education† was put into effect in which employees learn the finer nuances of coffee, from aroma to taste, and as a result are better able to speak to customers about the gourmet products. The intent of this according to Helm, is to share Starbucks’ passion for coffee and to make the coffee industry more like the wine industry. If Starbucks is able to make its customers connoisseurs of coffee, it can then stock and sellhigh end coffee for up to $28 per pound. Starbucks knows that competitors such as McDonald’s, Dunkin Donuts, or even the corner convenience store can’t compete in this niche of the market. Starbucks has had success with ensuring that coffee drinking is an experience. According to Jeneanne Rae, â€Å"80% of Starbucks’ revenues come from customers who visit their stores an average of 18 times a month†. This statistic alone tells us that the company is keeping its customers happy. The nice lighting, the plush furniture, the smooth music all aid in this endeavor. Rae goes on to say, â€Å"people will gladly pay more for an experience that is not only functional but also emotionally rewarding†. Simply put, I could go to the corner store and get a cup of coffee for $. 5 and get my caffeine shot for the day. In this process however I may feel like I’m missing out on the finer things in life, â€Å"The Starbucks Experience†. As a result, I will go out of my way, pay $2 for a cup of coffee, and feel more satisfied. Starbucks also strives to contribute positively to its communities and surrounding environments. It strives to be a friendly gathe ring place for locals. According to its website, Starbucks supports local organizations with cash and contributions as well as promotes art, culture, education, and environmental awareness. The final goal of Starbucks is to be profitable and promote future success. It does this through taking care of its stakeholders. The Starbucks Code of Ethics for CEO and Finance Leaders states, â€Å"I am charged with ensuring that stake holders interests are appropriately balanced, protected and preserved†. All corporate decisions are made with the preceding oath in mind. Starbucks will continue to have success in the coffee market due to its strongstrategy. From vision statement, through SWOT, to implementation, and finally the execution of daily operations, it has been a synergistic effort. This process has culminated in what has been coined, â€Å"The Starbucks Experience†. Customers will take a five minute detour, just as I did this morning, to be greeted with a warm smile, receive a piping hot cup of java, all in a clean quant old world feel environment. Howard Schultz and his crew are well on their way to achieving their goals of 40,000 stores and $23. 2 billion in sales by the year 2012. REFERENCES Datamonitor Starbucks Corporations Company Profile, 25 Jan 2005. Retrieved 20 July 2007 from, http://www. investor. reuters. om/data/files/Company%20Profile%20Sample%20for%20Reuters. pdf Helm, Burt. 9 Apr 2007. SAVING STARBUCKS’ SOUL; Chairman Howard Schultz is on a mission to take his company back to its roots. Oh, yeah-he also wants to triple sales in five years. Business Week. Retrieved 20 July 2007 from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=44=1252343951=3=1=3=PROD=PQD=309=PQD=1184944744=29440=1 Keel, Robert. 10 July 2007. The McDonaldization of Socie ty. Retrieved on 20 July 2007 from, http://www. umsl. du/~keelr/010/mcdonsoc. html McDonald’s to open coffee chain in Japan, 12 July 2007. Retrieved on 20 July 2007 from, http://www. topix. com/drink/2007/07/mcdonalds-to-open-coffee-chain-in-japan Rae, Jeneanne. 27 Nov 2006. The Importance Of Great Customer Experiences? Business Week. Retrieved 20 July 2007 from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=60did=1166573331SrchMode=3sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1184944933clientId=29440aid=1 UK coffee market set to double over the next 10 years, 23 May 2007, Retrieved on 20 July 07 from, How to cite Starbucks’ Mission: Aligned with Its Strategies, Papers

Demographic Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment free essay sample

Organizational Behavior, BUS 5450 September 16, 2012 Organizational Commitment ii Abstract A great deal of research has gone into determining which types of employees are more committed to their employers. The objective of this paper is to assess the demographic factors that influence organizational commitment and work habits. Specifically, this paper will focus on organizational and occupational commitment within the context of employee education. Based on the literature reviewed, the primary theme of this proposal is that education level and employee training programs are significant indicators of organizational commitment.Second, this review will provide a general overview of previous research methods and data collection within this area of research and conclude with a possible model and method for future research and analysis. Organizational Commitment 1 Demographic Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment A Review of the Literature Organizational commitment is generally defined as the level of commitment an employee has to an organization, as well as how closely the employee identifies with the organizations values and goals. The 2011 study on organizational commitment by Ismail Bakan, Tuba Buyukbese and Bureu Ershan was a quantitative study of the relationship between an employee’s education and their organizational commitment. Using data complied from employee questionnaires; the study was taken from employees in a textile company located in Turkey. The Bakan et al. (2011) study measured variables by utilizing Meyer and Allen’s 1990 three-component model of organizational commitment, which consisted of affective, continuance and normative commitment, measured the study variables. Affective commitment refers to the emotional attachment and willingness of an employee to remain with the company. Continuance commitment is measured in the employees perceived cost as it relates to leaving the organization, and normative commitment is the employees’ perceived obligation to remain with the company. Analysis was conducted using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Organizational Commitment 2 The Bakan et al. (2011) study clearly demonstrated that employees with higher levels of education we more committed to the organization.Moreover, it showed graduating levels of organizational commitment for employees with vocational and university level educations when compared to high school, secondary school and primary school educated respondents. Limiting factors of the study were acknowledged to be gathering data from just one organization. Additionally, respondents that had a high school level education didn’t report higher organizational commitment than respondents with lower education levels. In 2010, researcher Adman Iqbal completed an assessment of demographic factors and organizational commitment within the Pakistani knitwear industry.Mr. Igbal’s study was based on age, level of education and organizational tenure. For contextual purposes, only information specific to level of education will be discussed from this study. Consistent with the Bakan et al. (2011) study, this study utilized a Meyer and Allen’s three-component model of organizational commitment as well as Mowday, Porter, and Steers three characteristics of commitment, which are defined as: †¢ A belief and acceptance of the values and goals of an organization, †¢ a strong willingness to put in effort for the organization, and †¢ The desire to remain with the organizationOrganizational Commitment 3 This study produced limited results in the way of comparing employee education and organizational commitment. The author implies that there is a significant negative relationship between the educational level and the organizational commitment. Specifically, that employees with higher education have career expectations that are not being met with their current employer, or that the employer views the employees level of higher education as unnecessary for their current role within the knitwear industry.The author surmised that his study was taken from a small cross section of the Pakistani workforce and that future research in this area should occur across a broad range of occupational workforces. He went on to acknowledge that the textile industry in Pakistan was significantly influenced by the national and global politics at varying times. Since Pakistan has experienced the demise of two governments since the turn of the new millennium, the author suggests that national instability influences employee commitment, and thus overrides the demographic factors that are used to model the research itself.I found the results of this study to be inconclusive with respect to providing usable data to discern the impact of education on organizational commitment. For example, supervisor level employees had significantly less university education than their managers, yet they were more inclined to speak about Organizational Commitment 4 their employer in a positive manner to those outside of the company. Furthermore, there were only marginal statistical differences between managers, supervisors and workers that thought the company provided them with no gain.A 2005 study completed by Elzbieta Sikorska-Simmons examined predictors of organizational commitment with assisted living staff. Dr. Sikorska-Simmons conducted data from 317 employees at 61 facilities. The purpose of the study was â€Å"to identify a set of variables that predict organizational commitment. † Independent variables included job satisfaction, organizational culture and employee characteristics such as age, gender and education, marital status, religiosity, and organizational tenure.The results of this study concluded that education level was the only key sociodemographic indicator of an employee’s commitment to an organization. Dr. Sikorska-Simmons findings indicated that other sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, religiosity, and organizational tenure played a rather insignificant role in determining organizational commitment. Organizational Commitment 5 What’s most interesting about this study is that education was the third most significant predictor of organizational commitment, which followed job satisfaction (second) and organizational commitment (first).The author surmised that more educated employees were in positions to actively participate in the decision making process. Therefore, their organizational commitment was higher than employees with diminished involvement in decision making processes. The common theme in all of the research literature that has been reviewed and summarized is the method by which the data was collected. All of the aforementioned studies utilized a demographic and organizational commitment questionnaire that reported age, compa ny tenure, education, as well as level of education and position within the organization. In reviewing the research already conducted in this area, I believe that expanding the research factors to include multiple occupational areas and companies will yield a more comprehensive study of organizational commitment. Additionally, I would focus specifically on senior management positions in order to delineate if compensation is directly correlated to organizational commitment. Organizational Commitment 6 A possible method and design for this research would be utilizing both a written questionnaire and phone interview with a cross section of employees.I would anticipate that employee responses to the same questions will be substantially different than those that respond using the written questionnaire. In some instances, I would give the employee the choice of completing the written questionnaire or conducting the phone interview. Additionally, I would limit some respondents to answering the written questionnaire at their place of work or answering the written questionnai re at their home, and then mailing the completed questionnaire to an independent third party address. In all instances, the employee would be made aware that completed questionnaires would be held in strict confidence.

Kubla Khan Essays - British Poetry, Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Kubla Khan Kubla Khan If a man could pass thro' Paradise in a Dream, & have a flower presented to him as a pledge that his Soul had really been there, & found that flower in his hand when he awoke -- Aye! and what then? (CN, iii 4287) Kubla Khan is a fascinating and exasperating poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge (. Almost everyone who has read it, has been charmed by its magic. It must surely be true that no poem of comparable length in English or any other language has been the subject of so much critical commentary. Its fifty-four lines have spawned thousands of pages of discussion and analysis. Kubla Khan is the sole or a major subject in five book-length studies; close to 150 articles and book-chapters (doubtless I have missed some others) have been devoted exclusively to it; and brief notes and incidental comments on it are without number. Despite this deluge, however, there is no critical unanimity and very little agreement on a number of important issues connected with the poem: its date of composition, its meaning, its sources in Coleridge's reading and observation of nature, its structural integrity (i.e. fragment versus complete poem), and its relationship to the Preface by which Coleridge introduc ed it on its first publication in 1816. Coleridge's philosophical explorations appear in his greatest poems. 'Kubla Khan', with its exotic imagery and symbols, rich vocabulary and rhythms, written, by Coleridge's account, under the influence of laudanum, was often considered a brilliant work, but without any defined theme. However, despite its complexity the poem can be read as a well-constructed exposition on human genius and art. The theme of life and nature again appears in 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner', where the effect on nature of a crime against the power of life is presented in the form of a ballad. 'Christabel', an unfinished 'gothic' ballad, evokes a sinister atmosphere, hinting at evil and the grotesque. In his poems Coleridge's detailed perception of nature links scene and mood, and leads to a contemplation of moral and universal concerns. In his theory of poetry Coleridge stressed the aesthetic quality as the primary consideration. The metrical theory on which 'Christabel' is constructed helped to break th e fetters of 18th-century correctness and monotony and soon found disciples, among others Walter Scott and Lord Byron. Opium and the Dream of Kubla Khan Coleridge's use of opium has long been a topic of fascination, and the grouping of Coleridge, opium and Kubla Khan formed an inevitable triad long before Elisabeth Schneider combined them in the title of her book. It is tempting on a subject of such intrinsic interest to say more than is necessary for the purpose in hand. Since the medicinal use of opium was so common and wide-spread, it is not surprising to learn that its use involved neither legal penalties nor public stigma. All of the Romantic poets (except Wordsworth) are known to have used it, as did many other prominent contemporaries. Supplies were readily available: in 1830, for instance, Britain imported 22,000 pounds of raw opium. Many Englishmen, like the eminently respectable poet-parson George Crabbe, who took opium in regular but moderate quantity for nearly forty years, were addicts in ignorance, and led stable and productive lives despite their habit. By and large, opium was taken for granted; and it was only the terrible experiences of such articulate addicts as Coleridge and Dequincy that eventually began to bring the horrors of the drug to public attention. Coleridge's case is a particularly sad and instructive one. He had used opium as early as 1791 (see CL, i 18) and continued to use it occasionally, on medical advice, to alleviate pain from a series of physical and nervous ailments. But the opium cure proved ultimately to be more devastating in its effects than the troubles it was intended to treat, for such large quantities taken over so many months seduced him unwittingly into slavery to the drug. And his life between 1801 and 1806 (when he returned from Malta) is a somber illustration of a growing and, finally, a hopeless bondage to opium. By the time he realized he was addicted, however, it was too late. He consulted a variety

Labor Problem essays

Labor Problem essays Discussing about labor force, it would refer to every individuals that is from the outside the company or organization, which that individuals has the probability to be taken as employees to an organization. We could also say that labor force is like a pool of individuals. Labor force is considered as an external environmental factor to a company or an organization. Internal environment workers are always changing rapidly through time, meaning that people in the company will need to change or need to go through an employment rotation and movement, the organizations will need to pay more attention to the labor force environment. The labor force is considered as one of the most important external factor for the dynamic human recourse management environment. Nowadays, workforce is facing a breakthrough where there are almost all developing organizations having diversification in their structural workforce management. The diversification here means to any perceived difference among people like; age, functional specialty, profession, sexual orientation, geographic origin, lifestyle, or even position in the organization. It is the diversity managements task to ensure that factors are in place to provide for and encourage the continued development of a diverse workforce by setting the actual and perceived differences among workers in order to achieved maximum productivity. There are many aspects or components of diversification management, but here, we are not going to discuss it all, we are only focusing on diversification of immigrants. This aspect is chosen on based reason that Malaysia seems to be facing this problem lately, let us discuss on the aspect more deeply. Malaysia has been a target for immigrants from many countries around the countries, many immigrants came from countries like; Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and others. These immigrants even m ...

Violence and Its Impact Upon Adolescents Research Paper - 1

Violence and Its Impact Upon Adolescents - Research Paper Example , this can potentially have some very dire effects on them it is critically important to â€Å"establish exactly what is violence, the different forms that adolescent violence can potentially take, and the varied effects of violence on adolescents.† According to The term violence first appeared in French at around the beginning of the thirteenth century and was essentially used to characterize a brutal and quick-tempered person. It was also used to describe to indicate a power relationship that is aimed at constraining or subjecting another person. Over the centuries that followed, violence was given a fundamental role by western civilizations where on one had it was seen to quite fiercely denounce the excesses of violence and openly declared it to be illegitimate, However, on the other hand, Western civilization was also seen to give violence a rather elevated position where it was legitimized so as to validate the actions of knights who were forced to shed blood in the noble defense of the orphans and widows as well as defend the just causes of the Christian kings against the Infidels, and trouble makers (Muchembled 7-9). The brutality of all human relations was accepted as being a universal social language in addition to its being considered to be absolutely normal and quite necessary in most western societies up until the seventeenth century. While cultural ideals might have gradually evolved over time, violence is seen to still play a prominent role in modern society and equally affects people of all ages hailing from the different walks of life. The violence perpetrated against the young people is found to be particularly worrying as it can significantly affect their future development and negatively impact the future human society. The Transactional Model of Development: This development model is seen to greatly emphasize the importance of the roles that are seen to be played by both the environment and the child in the determination of the child’s

Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Financial management - Essay Example The analysis is conducting implying accounting theories and principles. Caterpillar Inc is a leading American heavy equipment and machinery manufacturer and distributor. The company is a subsidiary of Caterpillar (CAT). The company is recognized as the leading manufacturer of construction machinery, equipment, engines and turbines. According to the Fortune 500 listing the company ranks number one among 44 industries across the globe and is currently headquartered in Peroria, Illinois (Annual Report: Caterpillar Inc., 2014). The Company was initially established in 1925 under the name of Caterpillar Tractor Company that was then re-organized under the name of Caterpillar Inc in 1986 (Annual Report: Caterpillar Inc., 2014). The primary operations of the company compresses manufacturing and distribution, having manufacturing plant located in more than 110 facilities across the globe among that 51 plants are located in United States and others are located in the different countries worldwide. In addition, the company also provides financial services to its customers in order to provide financial alternatives for the customers to acquire Caterpillar Products. The company acquires assets of net worth, more than US$89 billion with an average revenue turnover of US$55.6 billion (Annual Report: Caterpillar Inc., 2014). The growth and expansion of the company are subjected to its effective financial management practice and performance. The outlook of the financial practices and policies of the company are analyzed to evaluate financial management practices of the company. Caterpillar has constantly expanded with the passage and sustained its financial performance in different economic conditions. The company has ensured its financial practices and policies anticipating its financial positioning in the global market. The section of the report

Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) Origin and Features

Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) Origin and Features Leandri Venteru Mid- African Rift: Is there a geographical/spatial control on the nature of volcanism in Cameroon? Essay Volcanism in Cameroon occurs mainly on the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), with the largest and most active volcano being Mount Cameroon (Fitton, 1980). The CVL, representing alkaline volcanoes, shows an easy recognisable Y-shape, with volcanic centres in both the oceanic and continental sectors of the African plate (Fitton Dunlop, 1985). Consensus regarding the driving forces of these volcanoes has yet to be reached. However, a wide variety of theories and hypotheses addressing the origin and nature of the CVL have been published over the last few decades. The CVL is a 1600km long magmatic sequence, stretching from Pagalu Island in the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) to Lank Chad on the main land of Cameroon on the western African continent (Dà ©ruelle, Ngounouno Demaiffe, 2007). Geographically the CVL is situated almost parallel to the Benue Trough, and follows the length of the Ngaoundà ©rà © Fault (Ballentine, Lee Halliday, 1997). The northern limb of the CVL overlaps with the Chad rift, which marks the northern rift of the Benue Trough (Fitton, 1980). Although volcanism is still active along the CVL is it not a neogene feature and has been active since the beginning of the Tertiary period. The rocks from the CVL are classified as mainly alkaline, intermediate and felsic. The felsic and basaltic lavas increase inlands towards the branches of the CVL in a volumetric ratio (Dà ©ruelle, Ngounouno Demaiffe, 2007). One of Africa’s largest volcanoes, Mount Cameroon, is a volcanic horst, with an approximate height of 4075m. T he volcano of Mount Cameroon is the most active volcano on the CVL. The latest eruption of Mount Cameroon was in the year 2000 (Herrero-Bervera et al. 2004). Scientists tried various methods over the years in an attempt to clarify the origin and dynamics of the CVL. During the 1980’s Fitton (1980) proposed a simple model to explain the geological features of the CVL. Fitton (1980) noted that although there is no evidence for rift faulting there are signs of regional uplift of the basin. The continental sector of the CVL is characterized by strato-volcanoes (Mount Cameroon), central volcanic massifs and even calderas in some areas. Collapsed plains filled by sediments, single magnetic volcanoes and flood basalts ( Ngaoundà ©rà © Plateau) are also prominent on the continental sector (Nkouathio et al. 2008). The volcanism is not influenced by fractures, which existed before the volcanism in the basement (Fitton, 1980). The origin of the CVL is explained by hand of the striking relationship between the CVL and the Benue Trough features. Fitton (1980) suggested that the CVL and the Benue Trough are superimposed by rotating one feature by 7 ° in relation to the other, about an axis. The axis is described to run with a north eastern strike into the country of Sudan. The reason for the relative rotation of the CVL and the Benue Trough is speculated to be as a result of the clockwise rotation of Africa (ca. 80Ma – 65Ma) (Fitton, 1980). This clockwise rotation might provide evidence for three features. Firstly, on the origin, the size and Y-shaped geometry of the CVL, secondly the rotation might support reason for the absence of recent volcanism in the Benue Trough. Thirdly, the rotational theory might provide evidence for the folding of the Benue Trough sediments. There were some speculations that the volcanism presently active in the CVL was once active in the Benue Trough. If the volcanic line had migrated from the Benue Though to its current position a systematic migration of a hot-spot is implied. Ngako et al. (2006) used remote sensing data as proposed by Moreau et al. (1987) to suggest that the relati onship between stress regimes and intraplate alkaline magmatism in the CVL is controlled by lithospheric structures. Ubangoh et al. (2005) argued that the presence of numerous recent volcanic cones and craters along the CVL is an indication of a strong geothermal gradient beneath the volcanic line, although there are no data that proves an increased supply of heat. By using a geochemical study on the basaltic rocks of the CVL and a K-Ar dating programme, Fitton and Dunlop (1985) searched for evidence to prove a systematic migration of the CVL volcanoes. Since the CVL is situated in such a unique geological setting, Fitton and Dunlop (1985) reasoned that they can determine the source of the CVL magmas by comparing the isotopic ratios of alkali basalts on the oceanic sector with the isotopic data of the alkali basalts on the continental sector of the volcanic line. Fitton and Dunlop have found that both the major element compositions as well as the isotopic ratios are indistinguishable when comparing the oceanic and continental sectors. What the K-Ar data did prove was that multiple volcanoes were ac tive along the line in more or less the same time period. When Ballentine, Lee and Halliday (1997) compared the ages of the oceanic sector volcanoes, they found that there is a consistency between the rotation of the Cretaceous African plate (Fitton, 1980) and the ages of the earlier exposed rocks on the islands. The ages of the early exposed lavas decrease from the continental side towards the ocean, placing Principe at 31Ma and Pagalu at 4.8Ma. The systematic age decrease of the islands support the mantle plume model for the oceanic sector of the CVL, but does not include the continental sector. Other causes of volcanism, such as rift faulting and pre-existing basement fractures were at first discarded due to failure to collect supportive evidence. The volcanoes on the ocean floor showed no changes due to the faults they passes through, thus one can assume that the source of these volcanoes are from mantle processes and is not affected by structures occurring in the crust (Fitton, 1980).Research based on the age and chemistry of the CVL basalts, indicated that the CVL is a young rift associated with the Benue Trough rather than a hot-spot trail. The depth at which a volcano is tapping its magma can be determined by the radioactive decay of helium isotopes in crustal rock (Aka, et al. 2003). Helium serves as a geochemical tracer that could be used to investigate the alteration of magma over a period of time. It is generally accepted that ocean island basalts (OIB) show a wide range of 3He/4He (Zindler Hart, 1986) and that 3He/4He ratios from mid ocean ridge basalts (MORB) are uniform (Graham et al. 1992a). The 3He/4He ratio of the CVL ranges from 3.05Ra to 8.31Ra. Hotspots in general have much higher 3He/4He ratios (Hilton et al. 1999). Aka et al. (2003) was the first to identify that the distribution of the 3He/4He ratios on the CVL could be due to spatial control, and suggested that the helium isotopic distribution an essential characteristic of the CVL is. These findings are argued as prove that the CVL volcanoes doesn’t tap their material directly from hotspots. Aka et al. (2003) is further backed up by work Fitto n and Dunlop (1985) did on K-Ar dating and the consistency to the Pb-isotope model proposed by Halliday et al. (1990).The above mentioned data and the long-lasting volcanism of the CVL volcanoes supports the conclusion reached by Fitton and Dunlop (1985) that the magma driving the volcanoes on the continental sector could not originate from a deep mantle source. Therefore the CVL shows no evidence of a mantle plume in the continental sector, but rather signatures convection of the upper mantle (Fitton Dunlop, 1985). 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios showed a slight decrease to either sides of the volcanic line from the centred volcano, Mt. Cameroon, which lies on the lithospheric continental-oceanic boundary (COB) (Ballentine, Lee Halliday, 1997). Basalts from the COB volcanoes, such as Mount Cameroon and Mount Etinde are more radiogenic with 206Pb/204Pb ratios of approximately 20.52 and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of 40.34 (Dà ©ruelle, Ngounouno Demaiffe, 2007). The Pb ratios of the COB volcanoes show a strong contrast to the lower radiogenic ratios of the island volcanoes. Basalts from the island located far south from the COB, Pagalu Island, have the lowest 206Pb/204Pb ratio of 19.01 and a 208Pb/204Pb ratio of 38.83. The Pb isotope data proves that there occurred no consistent major change in the magma over a period of time. The Nd and Sr isotopes of the basalts from both the continental and oceanic regions are similar in composition. The resemblance of the geochemical and isotopic data be tween oceanic and continental basalts provide evidence that the source and composition of the magma was not influenced by the continental crust, and therefore, the magma does not originate from the lithosphere (Dà ©ruelle, Ngounouno Demaiffe, 2007). The magma, as speculated by Ballentine, Lee and Halliday (1997), originate from a sub-lithospheric source, because of the similar compositions of the oceanic and continental magmas. Nkouathio et al. (2008) argued that since the lavas of the entire CVL have a shallow asthensopheric mantle source a depleted MORB mantle and a metasomatosed mantle, the alkaline lavas are consistent with the asthensopheric upwelling of a hot-spot. Halliday et al. (1990) argued that the isotopic decreases could infer re-melting of an enriched mantle plume located beneath the COB. Halliday further argues that the plume possibly shifted (from its position underneath the Benue Trough) to its current location during the continental breakup between the African an d South American plates as well as the rotation of the cooler lithosphere relative to the asthenosphere (Ballentine, Lee Halliday, 1997). Ballentine, Lee and Halliday (1997) made it clear that although the isotopic data supports the mantle plume theory, the mantle plume is only a part of the explanation of a more complex volcanic setting. Detailed isotopic data demonstrated that many theories proposed in the past were too inconsistent to explain the origin of the CVL. The data includes many classical theories, however only three will be mentioned. Firstly, the reactivation of the Ngaoundere fault which in turn caused the volcanism on the CVL (Moreau et al. 1987). A second classical theory involves membrane tectonics which produced the extensional CVL feature (Freeth, 1979). Thirdly, it is suggested that the various active volcanic centres are inconsistent with the ‘textbook’ model of hotspots (Fitton Dunlop, 1985), (Ballentine, Lee Halliday, 1997).Keeping the above mentioned theories in mind, Ballentine, Lee and Halliday (1997) used a ‘technique of inductively coupled plasma magnetic sector multiple collector mass spectrometry’ (Ballentine, Lee Halliday, 1997 pp 111)to acquire new data. From the data Ballentine, Lee and Halliday (1997) concluded that the CVL does not show a mentionable dif ference in Hf and Nd isotopic compositions in neither the continental margin nor in the oceanic sectors. However, a very significant difference in Pb and Sr isotopic compositions were detected (Ballentine, Lee Halliday, 1997). The consistent Hf and Nd isotopic compositions in the ocean island basalts (OIB) are indicative of a similar behaviour of the Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf parent-daughter ratios in the source of the OIB (Ballentine, Lee Halliday, 1997). Further, the continental sector shows a similar Hf-isotopic make-up than the oceanic sector. Ballentine, Lee and Halliday (1997), argued that the distinct variability in the Pb isotopic composition can be explained by the recycling of the oceanic crust, since Pb and Sr have increased mobility in the oceanic lithosphere. Kamgang et al. (2008) used a more localized approach, by investigating the geochemical isotopic data of the Bamenda Mountains in Cameroon. Since the previous isotopic studies performed by Ballentine, Lee and Halliday (1997), focussed on the entire CVL, Kamgang et al. (2008) proposed a ‘zoomed in’ investigation by focussing on one area of the CVL and try to explain the origin of the magma in that area. Kamgang et al. (2008) performed geochemical and geochronological studies of the mafic rocks from the Bamenda Mountains. His aim was to gain a better perspective of the composition of the CVL magma source. K-Ar dating performed on older, crust contaminated, samples of the CVL showed no systematic variation over time. However, insight on the chemical composition of the mantle source of magma is provided by the high Eu, Sr and Ba concentrations (Kamgang et al. 2008). The high concentrations are not a result of crustal contamination, because these concentrations do not correlat e to the Sr and Nd isotopic compostitions or the MgO contents or the La/Nb ratios of the rocks. Kamgang et al. (2008) suggested that these high concentrations rather have to do with the composition of the magma origin. The major element composition shows consistency with fractional crystallization processes. Sr and Nd isotopic values of the Bamenda Mountains coincide with the isotopic data published by Ballentine, Lee and Halliday in 1997. Kamgang et al. (2008) pointed out that the positive correlations observed between the Pb and Nd isotopic ratios and the negative Pb/ Sr isotopic correlation indicate either contamination by the continental crust (Ngounouno, Dà ©ruelle Demaiffe, 2000) or the effect of an enriched lithospheric mantle (Rankenburg, Lassiter Brey, 2005)( Kamgang et al,2008). Structural causes of volcanism have been discarded due to failure to prove structural influences with supportive evidence. There are three main structural units present in the Pan- African basement, namely shear zones, fold zones and thrust zones from which the shear zones indicating lithospheric faults stands out (Ngako et al. 2006).The volcanoes on the ocean floor show no changes due to the faults they passes through, thus one can assume that the source of these volcanoes are from mantle processes and is not affected by structures occurring in the crust (Fitton, 1980). It was also speculated that the CVL is rather a young rift associated with the Benue Trough. Nkouathio et al. (2008) suggested that the CVL is an alternating structure consisting of horsts and grabens. As a large shear zone, the CVL is structurally subdivided by a sequence of faults indicative of an alternating horst and graben system (Nkouathio et al. 2008). Considering other tectonic models, Ngako et al. (2006) suggested that the magmatism of the CVL is a complex interaction of multiple mantle plumes and fractures in the lithosphere. Ngako et al. (2006) further speculate that the complex interaction may cause the new magmatic complexes to be diagonally aligned. By expanding the study area form only the CVL to other large scale magmatic provinces on the African continental plate, Ngako et al. (2006) tries to illustrate a complex interaction between hotspots and Precambrian faults. The aim is to provide alternative explanations to classical hotspot models. Ngako et al. (2006) used three provinces, namely the Niger- Nigeria super province (Plaeozoic to Mesozoic era), the Benue Trough (Cretaceous period) and the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Cenozoic era to present) to prove a time-space migration of the West-Central African alkaline magmatism. The ages of rocks sampled, decrease from the northern Niger- Nigeria province southwards through the Be nue Trough to the CVL. The decreasing age of the plutonic provinces may suggest an interaction between tectonics and a hotspot system. Ngako et al. (2006) noted that the crustal and elastic thickness of the lithosphere on the continental sector of the CVL is unusually thin. This lithospheric thinning is argued as a position of a hotspot. Nkouathio et al. (2008) suggested that the evolution of the CVL magmas could be explained by the pattern of tectonic stresses and volcanic structures. In contradiction, Milelli, Fourel and Jaupart (2012) suggested that the Y-shape of the CVL was unaffected by plate motions and therefore implies that the magma source is attached to the continent. Geophysical surveys performed on the crust of the CVL concluded that differentiation between the Pan-African belts and neither the structural features nor the thickness of the crust is possible (Milelli, Fourel Jaupart, 2012). The crust underneath the CVL is very thin (ca. 35-39km) and the failure to distinguish between the Pan-African belts and the CVL indicates that the long period of magmatism (for approximately 70 Myr) on the CVL, has not have significant effects on the crust in the CVL region (Tokam et al. 2010). The absence of a seismic velocity anomaly at depths greater than ~300km, confirm the presence of the uniform mantle transition zone (Reusch et al. 2010)(Milelli, Fourel Jaupart, 2012). Milelli, Fourel and Jaupart (2012) explored the buoyancy of the lithospheric origin, because the lithosphere is made up of depleted mantle material, relative to the asthenosphere as a basis for their experiment on lithospheric instabilities. Since the lithosphere is buoyant on the asthe nosphere, the system is in equilibrium. However, if the lithosphere would experience cooling from the top, a convective instability might be triggered (Milelli, Fourel Jaupart, 2012). The latest trend is that researchers consider the CVL as a hot line tapping its resources from a sub-lithospheric mantle through openings in the lithosphere (Dà ©ruelle, Ngounouno Demaiffe, 2007). Crustal uplift in both continental and oceanic areas proposed by Meyers et al. (1998) contributes to the theory of lithospheric instability proved by Milelli, Fourel and Jaupart (2012) via laboratory experiments. Milelli, Fourel and Jaupart (2012) studied the lithospheric instability due to cooling from the crust downwards. The lithospheric instability is speculated to occur within the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The laboratory experiments performed by Milelli, Fourel and Jaupart (2012) were based on the principle that materials with a viscosity that is independent of temperature will react the same when cooling from either the top or the bottom was induced. A ‘continents’ were created by using different viscosity fluids and fixing certain variables. These experiment s, that’s been fully described and discussed by Milelli, focussed on the instabilities created at the continental margin. Milelli, Fourel and Jaupart (2012) documented that the buoyancy factor causes downwellings that eventually return to the surface. This cycle of downwellings and upwellings creates a stress regime where compressional stresses were identified at the downwellings and corresponding extentional stresses, creating rifting fractures, at the upwellings. Fracture patterns on the surface of the experimental ‘continent’ formed in a combination of hexagons and distorted squares (Milelli, Fourel Jaupart, 2012). The conclusion of these experiments serve as proof that that continental lithospheric cooling can result in the geometrical Y-shape of the CVL, independent of the size and shape of the continental mass. Further proof is presented by Dà ©ruelle, Ngounouno and Demaiffe (2007) with supporting data on seismic and gravimetric surveys of the oceanic sec tion of the CVL.

Life or Something Like It :: essays research papers

†2’, long brown hair, and big blue eyes. It’s hard to place exactly when and where it all happened. So let me just fill you in on how I got where I am today. I met her in the seventh grade for the first time through a mutual friend. From that moment on I had a big crush. We talked on occasion throughout eighth grade up until high school. We hung out a few times and then junior year rolled around and I was asked for a favor. It was my chance to finally get my foot in the door. She asked me to take her to her friend’s high school so that we could eat lunch with her. Of course being the nice guy I was and knowing exactly how I felt about this girl, I jumped on the chance. The day went well and I thought I was on my way. The phone call I got was to help move the same friend’s TV, so once again I took the chance to try to better my position. This time there were other guys there and I felt really out of place. But I did all I could to try and make this situation a little better than the last. We began to talk more and pass notes in the hallway. Then one say she walked into the nurse’s office at school, where I worked during 7th period, and it started once again. I swore to my best friend who worked in there with me, that she was way out of my league and that I had been trying all year to land this girl that I wanted since 7th grade. He told me just to give it a chance and to ask her out. And so risking all I had and acting completely out o f my comfort zone I did the impossible and asked her to dinner. We talked, ate, she told me how she had two dates that upcoming weekend which kind pushed me back, but as my friend suggested I worked at it and eventually started to hang out with her regularly. And then the night came where we kissed for the first time, May 28th, 2003. Finally I thought, I finally did it, but since we were a little light minded at the time I didn’t know what her intentions were.

Dave Matthews Band Bio

Formed in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1991, Dave Matthews Band, or DMB, is an enormously successful rock, jazz and jam band that has had various tours around the United States and around the world. Originally from South Africa, Dave Matthews was working as a bartender in downtown Charlottesville when approached about forming a band, for he was already known as a good songwriter. This set the wheels in motion for Dave to meet other future members of DMB. DMB’s drummer, Carter Beauford, grew up in Charlottesville and agreed to join upon Matthews’ project. At about the same time as Beauford, Matthews recruited prominent Charlottesville saxophonist Leroi Moore, who also agreed to join. Moore, due from complications suffered in an ATV accident, died in 2008. DMB’s latest album, â€Å"Big Whiskey and the GrooGrux King†, is dedicated to Moore’s memory. With a drummer and saxophonist secured, Matthews approached bassist Stefan Lessard, who also grew up in Charlottesville. Lessard, who was enrolled at Virginia Commonwealth University, eventually dropped out due to becoming so involved in the band. Boyd Tinsley, DMB’s violinist, was studying at the University of Virginia when asked by Matthews to join the collaboration. With the band now fully formed, Dave Matthews Band started playing local joints and bars and eventually released their first studio album â€Å"Under the Table and Dreaming† in 1994. With 5 albums released between their first and their latest, DMB has shown immense longevity in the music scene. DMB is also heavily involved in philanthropy, always supporting local Charlottesville charities and Habitat for Humanity across the country. With Leroi Moore’s unfortunate passing in 2008, Jeff Coffin became the band’s new saxophonist but has not yet been named an official member. DMB has released more than 15 live albums, which often include improvisation on some of their most recognizable songs and lyrics. The band has won one Grammy Award, and has sold more than 40 million albums worldwide.

Comparison and Contrast A Rose for Emily by William...

The short story, as with other literary forms, is not defined by its actual parameters. Subject and theme may be as varied as those within full-length novels, just as the authors individual style plays an inevitable role in shaping the work. That said, there is a common element uniting short stories; they usually create impact due to the brevity itself, which authors typically rely on to make a more direct impression. Condensed, the form offers more overt power, and this is evident in how William Faulkner and Edgar Allan Poe employ it to achieve distinctly Gothic effects. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† are very different stories set in very different worlds, and the tone of the narration in each is equally†¦show more content†¦This renders the tone more one of reminiscence and, if Faulkners narrator is not as grandiloquent as Poes, he nonetheless paints vivid pictures, as in his description of Emily later in life: â€Å"She look ed bloated, like a body long submerged in water, and of that pallid hue† (Faulkner 3). What may be most interesting in the differences of narrator tone, however, is how each underscores the thrust of the story. Poes extreme voice works to build up to a disturbing conclusion of murder; the exaggeration of Montresors tone conforms to the trajectory of the story. With Faulkner, understatement is the key. His story ends as dramatically, if not more so, than Poes, and the effect of the revealed necrophilia is amplified by how moderately the narrator conveys the tale. If symbolism is an element in both stories, it must be noted that – and ironically – it is far more evident in Faulkner. The irony lies in an expectation of symbolism in Poe because his style is so extreme, whereas it is less expected in Faulkners understatement. Poe does employ the symbolic, certainly; strikingly, Montresors revenge is planned for a night of the carnival, and his victim is dressed in bright colors and with bells on his cap, like a fool. There is as well the blatant symbolism of the Montresor vaults as the scene of the murder. Here, all the prideShow MoreRelatedMurder in the Novels, The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner733 Words   |  3 Pages The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poes and William Faulkners A Rose for Emily are compelling murder stories, full of dynamic characters, vivid detail, and compelling points of view. These two stories encompass the elements of plot, character, setting and point of view among others. Although the elements of the central theme of murder are different, these stories share other elements that make these stories unique. In the short story â€Å"The cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, the basicRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pageselsewhere, most frequently to character or idea. Understanding a plot on a schematic level becomes even more difficult when dealing with works, usually novels, that have more than one plot. Many novels contain one or more subplots that reinforce by contrast or parallel the main plot. Some novels even contain a double plot, as in Thackeray’s â€Å"Vanity Fair†, where we are asked to follow the careers of both the selfish adventuress Becky Sharp and the innocent, good-hearted Amelia Sedley. As Amelia’s fortunes